What is software ?

 Q. What is software ?

ans.- Software is that part of computer which can't be touched. Software is set of instruction or set of programs.

System software - The system software is a collection of one or more programs used to control and coordinate the hardware and application software.

Ex-  Windows , android , Linux ,...…etc.

Application software -The software that helps you to do a specific type of work is called application software.

Ex- crome , WhatsApp , Facebook , YouTube , MS word , MS excel ,.....etc.

1. packaged Application software - It is not developed for a particular user or organization.

Many packaged software are available on the web.

           Ex- MS word , crome , MS excel , …. etc.

2. Customized application software - customized software is designed for particular customer or organization.

    

Utility software - Utility software helps to manage, maintain and control computer resources.

                       Ex - Antivirus ,backup , driver talent , WinRAR , …..etc. 

Eye

Eye - The human is an organ that converts light into a set of electrical signals and transmits these signals to the brain.

Q. Why do eyes of animals shine in the night ? 

ans.- They have a special type of reflective layer behind the pupil of their eyes known as tapetum lucidum.

Cornea - The cornea is the outer layer at the front of the eye . transparent structure at the front of the eye.

1. The cornea helps our eye to focus light so we can see clearly.
2. The cornea acts as the eye's outer most lens. controls and focuses the entry of light into the eye.
3. The cornea is shaped like a dome and bends light to help the eye focus. It is the eyes primary light focusing structure.
4. कॉर्निया में रक्त वाहिका नहीं पायी जाती है। इसमें तंत्रिका जाल है।

Pupil Function and difference pupil in animal eyes

 pupil - The pupil is the opening in the center of the iris.

Function of pupil - The function of the pupil is to allow light to enter the eye so it can be focused on the pupil appear perfectly round and black in color.

Q. Why is pupil black ?

ans.  Thee black color is because light that passes through the pupil is total absorbed by reflected back.

• In low light conditions - the pupil dilates so more light can reach the retina to improve night vision.
• In bright condition - pupil constricts

Generally normal pupil size in adults ranges from 2mm to 4mm in bright light to 4mm to 8mm in the dark both pupils normally constrict when you focus on a near object.

Rectangular pupil - sheep , Goats , Octopuses and Toads 

Vertical site - cats , snakes , alligators and crocodiles 

spherical - human , cow horse , ..... etc. 

                                                   

                                                  

                                                                                                                                                                             

                                                                                                         

solar system

 

Noun and the Number

 Number: If a Noun tells about one or more than one is called Number. 

                                 Ex- A boy , A girl , A pen , Boys , Girls ....etc.

Kinds of Number : 

1. singular Number        2. Plural Number 

1. Singular Number :- If a Noun tells about only one, it is called singular Number.

                              Ex- A student 

2. Plural Number :-  If a Noun tells about more than one it is called Plural Number. 

                             Ex- students

• Rules for changing a singular into plural number :

Rule(1) : Generally किसी  भी Noun के last में s जोड़कर Plural बनाया जाता है। 

Singular                                                           Plural

Fan                                                                   Fans 

Flat                                                                   Flats

Shirt                                                                  Shirts

Horse                                                                 Horses

Dog                                                                    Dogs

Rule(2) : यदि किसी Singular Common Noun का last letter  - s- , sh , ch , ss , x , z हो , तो es जोड़कर Plural बनाया जाता है। 

Singular                                                              Plural

Bus                                                                      Buses

Kiss                                                                     Kisses 

Match                                                                  Matches

Tax                                                                        Taxes

Malaria disease

Some of the human diseases are caused by protozoans. Plasmodium is a tiny protozoan is responsible for malaria disease. Different species of plasmodium are responsible for different type of malaria. Malaria caused by plasmodium falciparum is the most serious one and can even be fatal. Plasmodium live in a wide variety of moist habitats including fresh water, marina environment and the soil. Plasmodium enters the human body through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquito. Then attack the red blood cells (RBCs) resulting in their rupture. The rupture of RBCs is associated with release of toxic substance, hemozoin , which is responsible for the chill and high fever recurring every three to four days.

structure and function of eye

 definition of eye :- The human is an organ that converts light into a set of electrical signals and transmits these these signals to the brain.  

Q. why do eyes of animals shine in the night ?

ans. They have a special type of reflective layer behind the pupil of their eyes known as tapetum lucidum.

cornea :-  the cornea is the outer layer at the front of the eye. transparent structure at the front of the eye. 

• The cornea helps our eye to focus light so we can see clearly.
• The cornea acts as the eye's outer most lens. controls and focuses the entry of light into the eye.
•  The cornea is shaped like a dome and bends light to help the eye focus. It is the eyes primary light focusing structure.
  
  

Anterior chamber :- Anterior chamber is the part of the eye between the cornea and the iris.

The anterior chamber is filled with a watery fluid known as the aqueous humor. anterior chamber is 3mm deep and it contains 0.25ml of the aqueous humor.

Iris :- The colored tissue in eye that contans the pupil in the center. The iris helps control the size of the pupil.

Q.  What is the function of iris in the eye ?

ans.- The iris controls the amount of light that enters the eye.

• The iris lies in front of the crystalline lens and separates the anterior chamber from the posterior chamber.

Q.  Why is iris colored ?

ans.- The color of the iris is based on the amount of pigment, or melanin.

• The more pigment present the darker the eyes.

Pupil :- The pupil is the opening in the center of the iris. Function of the pupil is to allow light to enter the eye so it can be focused on the retina . the pupils appear perfectly round and black in color.

Q . Why is pupil black ? 

ans.- The black color is because light that passes through the pupil is total abserbed by the retina and is not reflected back.  

in low light conditions -  the pupil dilates so more light can reach the retina to improve night vision.

in bright condition - the pupil constricts 

  

Generally normal pupil size in adults ranges from 2 to 4 millimeters in bright light to 4 to 8mm in the dark.

both pupils normally constrict when you focus on a near object.

Rectangular pupil - sheep, Goats , octopuses and toads 

spherical - human 

vertical slite - cats, snakes alligators and crocodiles.